Wind and hydroelectric power are two examples of commonly used kinetic energy sources. What else is there? Gravity combined with large drops can be a kinetic energy source. Back in February 2023, I wrote about using the vertical drop found in abandoned mine shafts where large payloads of material like sand or gravel could be dropped to power turbines and generators.
Another kinetic energy source that we can harvest comes from our feet on sidewalks and floors and from cars and trucks we drive on roads.
Speaking of feet, our shoes can become portable power generators with piezoelectric devices in the soles and heels producing enough electricity to power mobile devices.
As cars and trucks drive over roadways embedded with piezoelectric harvesters, the conversion of small amounts of mechanical surface force can be turned into electricity.
The floors in our homes and workplaces can become kinetic energy harvesters.
Imagine a crowd going into a sporting event and as they walk to and through the stadium, they generate enough force to power the stadium lights, or electricity that can be put into battery storage for later use.
So why aren’t we harvesting the kinetic energy we produce from daily activities?
The Paris Metro station pilot project is worth noting. Turning a turnstile into a power source is a neat idea. At the Miromesnil station, 27,000 people pass through those turnstiles every day. Iberdrola has estimated that if all the Paris Metro stations were to convert to turnstile turbines the subway would generate 136 Megawatts annually, almost enough energy to power the entire Metro system and equivalent to removing 30,000 tons of CO2 from the atmosphere annually.
The retrofit of the Paris Metro, however, is not happening because the powers that be have concluded that the cost of converting the entire system to turnstile turbines would be too expensive. Iberdrola, however, believes that the technology has a future and is looking to other cities to deploy turnstile turbines.
In 2012, Innowattech, an Israeli company, proposed putting piezoelectric harvesters in roadways noting that one kilometre (0.62 miles) would produce 400 Kilowatts of power, enough to light and heat over 160 homes.
A 2018 UC Berkeley study looked at the per-kilometre cost of installing piezoelectric harvesters in roads at $1 million. The Interstate Highway System in the United States is 78,465 kilometres in length based on 2020 data. To convert the Interstate to become a kinetic energy source would exceed $80 billion. The harvested piezoelectric energy from two lanes with embedded piezoelectric harvesters would produce more than 31.3 million Kilowatts. That would be equal to the energy requirements of 27,000 U.S. homes monthly. Taking the average CO2 emissions produced by American homes at 40 tons per year, the power harvested from Interstate drivers would remove over 1 million tons of CO2 annually.
Staying the course in how we produce the electricity we consume today is cheaper per Kilowatt than these novel kinetic technologies at present. Nevertheless, kinetic energy alternatives such as the turnstile turbines in Paris and the piezoelectric-implanted roads and walkways in the UC Berkeley study, if scaled, would offer zero-emission-generated electricity at a comparable cost.
The Paris Metro’s turnstile turbine technology is a good thing. We need a lot more of these novel technologies and the political and business acumen to make our future one where the energy we consume doesn’t end up compromising the environment we bequeath to future generations.
In pursuit of mitigating climate change caused by our modern industrialized world, not putting research and funding into these types of energy sources is in my opinion a mistake.
]]>Nikola Tesla was the epitome of the mad scientist. He was an inventor, electrical and mechanical engineer and a futurist. His energy theory about hydroelectricity involved harnessing the power of flowing water for power generation. His development of the alternating current (AC) induction motor was a critical advancement in the creation of modern hydroelectric power plants.
Tesla’s vision to use flowing water to generate electricity recognized that the forces of nature could serve to produce clean, renewable and sustainable power. The world’s first hydroelectric power station at Niagara Falls, completed in 1895, involved Tesla and George Westinghouse, another inventor and rival to Thomas Edison in the race to power the world using electricity.
Tesla’s use of kinetic energy produced by flowing water involved the water turning turbines linked to generators. His idea to harness the power of nature wasn’t novel. Humanity had already been using the power of water and the wind for milling grains and other work. His work on turning nature’s power into hydroelectricity was his genius. Hydroelectricity played a critical role in the industrialization of North America at the end of the 19th century and today, remains a primary global energy source beating all other renewables combined and nuclear by 55%. In 2020, hydroelectricity generated 17% of the electricity used around the world, ranking third after coal and natural gas.
Tesla’s visionary approach stands in contrast to traditional hydroelectricity. Both methods tap into water’s kinetic energy but have their key differences.
Traditional hydroelectricity heavily relies on large-scale infrastructure like dams and waterfalls to generate power. Around 150 out of 3,900 dams in Wisconsin are utilized for hydroelectric power, and produced 192,000 megawatt/hours (mWh) in 2015. These conventional fixed sites for power generation limited the potential flexibility in using hydroelectricity.
Tesla didn’t see the need for building such large-scale projects. He conceptualized a more decentralized and adaptable approach, potentially offering a highly efficient and less disruptive solution.
Tesla’s concept was to use water, turbines and electromagnetic generators in a number of ways by harnessing:
Tesla’s theory offered environmental benefits, scalability and potential cost-effectiveness, positioning it as a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional hydroelectricity. His idea had several advantages including:
Although water is a natural energy source it still demands approximately 68 litres (18 gallons) to generate one kilowatt/hour (kWh) of electricity. Using different types of flowing water requires various designs for energy harvesting which means high startup costs.
That means to make Tesla’s theory successful, the world needs to build better turbines, smarter grids and improved energy storage. These upgrades are essential for Tesla’s model to reach its full usability and potential.
In the light of the global challenge to decarbonize energy production, adopting Tesla’s ideas once again would help in the effort to transition to a world no longer addicted to fossil fuels. It wouldn’t hurt in the 21st century to once more pay attention to Tesla’s genius.
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