Cane toads in Australia
Bounties on sparrows in China
The Aral Sea
DDT for insect control
As for dumping iron to create algae blooms;
some ideas of how it could go wrong (though I’m not a biologist). 1) It sucks up a lot of oxygen and kills removes enough other life that the CO2 removal is negligible, and now we have lifeless parts of the ocean too. 2) The algae settle and as you note, release as much CO2 as they absorbed, or they decompose anaerobically and release tonnes of methane (a far worse greenhouse gas)
No matter how careful we are, it can go bad pretty easily.
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